如何知道自己是否感染了新型冠状病毒肺炎、流感或呼吸道合胞病毒?

女人在床上不舒服

Respiratory illnesses are on the rise this winter season. But it can be difficult to determine whether your illness is RSV, the 流感, or 新型冠状病毒肺炎.

While taking a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 test is the only assured way to determine on your own if you have contracted that virus, being aware of their respective symptoms can help inform your treatment. 在所有情况下, 建议您多休息, 花点时间在家休养, and wear a mask when around others to limit the spread of illness.

"We may not be able to eliminate these illnesses altogether, but we certainly can take measures to mitigate them as cases of 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 流感, RSV上升," says Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center’s Chief Quality Officer 迈克尔Calderwood医学博士，公共卫生硕士，传染病专家. "And doing what we can to prevent and keep them from getting worse and spreading is even more important as hospitals fill up and business and schools are impacted by increases in the community."

早期症状的范围

虽然差异可能看起来很微妙, 一些存在, and these can serve as signposts when you first become ill.

"It can be hard to distinguish between illnesses caused by the different respiratory viruses, 但是一般来说, 流感往往发作得很快, 通常伴有发烧, 发冷, 身体疼痛, 乏力, 还有干咳,卡尔德伍德说。.

与流感不同，呼吸道合胞病毒通常是逐渐发病的. “人们经常报告交通堵塞, 比如流鼻涕或鼻塞, 有时伴有打喷嚏,他说. "Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling with breathing) is also seen more often with RSV than with the other respiratory viruses."

新型冠状病毒肺炎 is different from 流感 or RSV in that it can appear in different forms. “虽然我们看到了许多相同的症状，比如咳嗽, 乏力, 和头痛, 新型冠状病毒肺炎还可能出现恶心或呕吐, 腹泻, 或者突然失去味觉和/或嗅觉. A sore throat also seems to be more common with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 than with 流感 or RSV,卡尔德伍德说。.

When in doubt about what respiratory illness you might have, always test for 新型冠状病毒肺炎. 要购买测试，你可以去当地的药店. The federal 政府ernment still offers free rapid 新型冠状病毒肺炎 tests through the mail. 你可以在 COVIDTests.政府 它们将由美国航空公司运送.S. 邮政服务.

如何治疗

当这些疾病不严重时, 休息, 液体, 良好的护理对康复大有帮助, but keeping a close eye on the severity of any illness is important. Remember, too, that if you are concerned about how an illness is presenting, consult your doctor.

对RSV

对RSV, it is particularly important to closely monitor adults and children with certain existing medical problems—such as heart disease, 囊性纤维化, 以及某些肺部疾病. The elderly have weaker immune systems overall, so keep a close eye on them. Babies in their first respiratory virus season can be particularly at risk with RSV, points out Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Section Chief of General Pediatrics, Susanne Tanski, MD, MPH. That’s because not only do people get the sickest when first exposed to the respiratory illness, but a baby’s tiny airways can lead to more severe disease, 她说.

流感

像所有疾病一样，流感也应该受到监控. 疾控中心得了流感 治疗建议, suggests that antiviral drugs may be a treatment option for some, 尤其是那些风险较高的人. Consult your doctor to find out if they are right for you. Antiviral drugs work best when started early, such as 1 to 2 days after your 流感 symptoms begin. People at higher risk of 流感 complications include young children, 65岁及以上的成年人, 怀孕的人, 以及有特定疾病的人 such as asthma, 糖尿病, 还有心脏病.

对于新型冠状病毒肺炎

疾病预防控制中心 提供指导方针 on how to treat 新型冠状病毒肺炎 and says that most symptoms can be treated with over-the-counter medications, 比如对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬. The FDA also has authorized or approved several antiviral medications used to treat mild to moderate 新型冠状病毒肺炎 in people who are more likely to get very ill. 50岁以上的成年人更容易患病, people who are unvaccinated or not up-to-date on their vaccines, 以及有特定疾病的人. A healthcare provider will help decide which treatment is right for you. 如果你正在服用其他药物, check with your provider or pharmacist to make sure the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 treatments can be safely taken at the same time.

预防

所有的人, 尤其是那些高危人群, can take precautions to stave off illness by wearing masks, 避开人多的地方, 洗手. If you are sick, stay home and keep away from other people.

一定要接种疫苗. 辉瑞biontech公司最新的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗, 现代化, and Novavax help lower chances of serious illness or hospitalization, 包括本季的新型冠状病毒肺炎变种JN.1. If you already have had 新型冠状病毒肺炎 and are wondering if you need another vaccination, Calderwood提供 这些建议. The latest data on the protection that these new vaccines provide in the current respiratory virus season has 刚刚出版.

至于流感, most people need only 1 dose of in流感enza vaccine for the season, 最好在11月之前. 然而， 疾病预防控制中心, vaccination should continue throughout the season as long as in流感enza viruses are circulating.

为了帮助预防或减少呼吸道合胞病毒的影响 疾病预防控制中心 says adults 60 years of age and older have the option to receive a single dose of the RSV vaccine, based on discussions between the patient and their healthcare provider. It also recommends that pregnant women get a single dose of RSV vaccine between week 32 through week 36 of pregnancy. 对于那些有8个月以下婴儿的人, parents should ask their pediatrician about Nirsevimab, the new passive immunization that protects babies from severe RSV disease.

Concludes Calderwood: "Staying up to date with your vaccines, taking measures to protect and care for yourself and your loved ones, and being aware if you are at higher risk of severe illness, all can go a long way toward mitigating their severity and keeping these illnesses from spreading further this winter season."

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